1099-R Tax Calculator
Turn Boxes 1, 2a, 4, 5, and 7a into a filing estimate. Model direct rollovers, Roth conversions, QCDs, withholding, and the possible 10% additional tax.
Estimated taxable distribution
$30,000Incremental federal income tax
$6,450Standard-deduction estimate.
10% additional tax
$0No penalty indicated by the selected code and age.
Excluded rollover
$0Excluded QCD
$0Federal amount not covered
$3,450Compares this distribution’s federal estimate with Box 4 only.
How the estimate works
The calculator uses Box 2a when you provide it. If the payer marked the taxable amount as undetermined, it makes a simplified estimate from Box 1 less employee contributions. It then applies rollover and QCD exclusions and compares federal income tax with and without the taxable distribution.
Pension basis recovery, Roth IRA ordering rules, state income tax, tax credits, IRMAA, taxable Social Security, and Form 5329 exceptions can change the final result. This is a planning estimate, not a substitute for the plan administrator’s records.
1099-R questions
Is the amount in Box 1 of Form 1099-R fully taxable?
Not necessarily. Box 1 is the gross distribution. Box 2a may show the taxable amount, while rollovers, after-tax contributions, qualified Roth distributions, and qualified charitable distributions can reduce the amount included in income.
What does distribution code 1 mean?
Code 1 generally identifies an early distribution when the payer does not know of an exception. The taxable amount may face ordinary income tax plus a 10% additional tax, but you can claim a qualifying exception on Form 5329.
Is a direct rollover taxable?
A qualifying direct rollover to another tax-deferred retirement account is generally not taxable. A pre-tax amount rolled to a Roth account is generally a taxable Roth conversion.
Does Form 1099-R withholding equal the tax owed?
No. Box 4 is only federal tax already withheld. Your actual tax depends on the taxable distribution, other income, filing status, deductions, credits, and any early-distribution exception.